We are interested in the ecological outcomes of changes in the landscape resulting from human activity. For example, we have explored how changes in fire regime during the two waves of human settlement of Aotearoa-New Zealand’s landscapes led to rapid forest loss and difficult to reverse legacies. This research has implications for how we manage and restore New Zealand’s ecosystems in the aftermath of 750 years of ongoing forest loss, extinctions, and invasions. To explore these questions, we work closely with colleagues in the Long-term Ecology Lab at Manaaki Whenua, Lincoln.